Key Points:
·
One of the most important ways to conserve water in
our gardens and yards is with drip irrigation.
·
Drip irrigation is easily installed and costs are
moderate.
·
Drip irrigation can possibly lead to some salt
buildup and restricted root systems.
·
Monitor moisture levels before and after running
system to determine run time and frequency.
The most efficient watering
technique is the trickle or drip irrigation system. This system is designed to prevent water
stress. Water is provided at slow,
steady rates (0.5 to 2 gallons/hour) under low operating pressure (5 psi). It is directed only to the root system or
part of the root system. Emitters or
microtubes deliver the water to the base of each plant. Low pressure black polyethylene pipe can be
used.
A pressure regulator and a
water filter may be necessary. Costs for
this system are moderate, depending on the type of emitters used and the need
for filtration. Salt build-up can occur
in the soil due to the low volumes of water used which prevents leaching. However, turning the system on during a rain
or setting some overhead sprinklers in the beds monthly will facilitate
leaching.
Advantages of the Drip System:
1. It is
easy and economical to install.
2. Water
is applied only to the plant resulting in fewer weeds.
3. Plants
are less susceptible to disease.
4. It is
easily mechanized.
5. It
promotes better plant growth.
Disadvantages of Drip Irrigation are:
1. The
wetting zone produced is small and can lead to restricted root system
development in trees and shrubs.
2. Improper
placement can lead to an increase in salts.
Emitters must be moved outward every 2 years or so to allow roots to
expand latterly.
How Much Water to Apply?
As a good rule of thumb,
consult the table below. A good way to
determine how long and how much is to do the following: let the system run for
a reasonable time (1 to 2 hours). Take a
shovel and dig next to the edge of the watered area to determine how deep and
wide an area has been soaked.